Keywords

infant mortality, health disparities, health literacy, West Michigan, maternal health

Disciplines

Medicine and Health Sciences

Mentor

Dr. Sylvia Mupepi, RN, PhD

Abstract

This literature review aimed to examine and analyze data to identify causes of disparities in infant mortality rates across West Michigan’s four counties, assess demographic factors influencing infant mortality, and explore cultural practices impacting infant outcomes. A comprehensive review of existing literature, public health data, and community health reports from Allegan, Kent, Muskegon, and Ottawa counties was conducted. Key variables examined included race, maternal age, culture, health literacy, education level, income, insurance coverage, employment status, and marital status. Findings indicate that infant mortality rates vary significantly between counties and are higher among certain racial and socioeconomic groups compared to state and national averages. Factors such as limited health literacy and socioeconomic barriers were consistently associated with poorer maternal and infant outcomes. This information can guide nurses, healthcare administrators, and public health professionals in allocating resources and developing targeted interventions for maternal and child health.

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